北京时间10月9日消息，瑞典皇家科学院今天宣布，将2019年诺贝尔化学奖授予德州大学奥斯汀分校教授John B. Goodenough，纽约州立大学宾汉姆顿分校教授M. Stanley Whittingham，以及日本名城大学教授吉野彰，以表彰他们“在发现锂电池历程中做出的孝敬”。They created a rechargeable world他们缔造了一个可充电的世界【1】The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 rewards the development of the lithium-ion battery. This lightweight, rechargeable and powerful battery is now used in everything from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles. It can also store significant amounts of energy from solar and wind power, making possible a fossil fuel-free society.2019年度诺贝尔化学奖奖励锂电池的发现。

这种轻巧，可充电且性能强劲的电池今天早已进入寻常黎民家，被每一部手机，条记本和其他电子设备所使用。它还能用于存储太阳能和风能，从而让构建一个零化石燃料使用的社会成为可能。【2】Lithium-ion batteries are used globally to power the portable electronics that we use to communicate, work, study, listen to music and search for knowledge. Lithiumion batteries have also enabled the development of long-range electric cars and the storage of energy from renewable sources, such as solar and wind power.锂电池被全球规模被广泛用于为便携式电子设备提供电力，利便我们通讯，事情，开展研究，听音乐，或者检索知识。

锂电池的发现还让可以长距离行驶的电动汽车研发成为可能，同时它也被广泛用于可再生能源，如太阳能和风能的存储。【3】The foundation of the lithium-ion battery was laid during the oil crisis in the 1970s. Stanley Whittingham worked on developing methods that could lead to fossil fuel-free energy technologies. He started to research superconductors and discovered an extremely energy-rich material, which he used to create an innovative cathode in a lithium battery. This was made from titanium disulphide which, at a molecular level, has spaces that can house – intercalate – lithium ions.锂电池的研发基础在1970年月的石油危机期间被构建起来。其时，Stanley Whittingham正致力于研制一种可以挣脱石油燃料的能源技术。

他开始对超导体质料举行研究，并很快发现了一种极端富能的质料，使用这种质料，他将这种质料缔造性的用于制作锂电池的阴极。这是使用二硫化钛制作的，在分子层面上，其内部清闲可以容纳锂离子。

【4】The battery’s anode was partially made from metallic lithium, which has a strong drive to release electrons. This resulted in a battery that literally had great potential（电势）, just over two volts. However, metallic lithium is reactive and the battery was too explosive to be viable.电池的正极部门由金属锂制成。锂有很强的释放电子的驱动力。这就形成了一个具有庞大电势的电池，刚刚凌驾2伏特。然而，金属锂是活性的，电池爆炸的风险太大，在商业上并不行行。

【5】John Goodenough predicted that the cathode would have even greater potential if it was made using a metal oxide instead of a metal sulphide. After a systematic search, in 1980 he demonstrated that cobalt oxide with intercalated lithium ions can produce as much as four volts. This was an important breakthrough and would lead to much more powerful batteries.John Goodenough预测，如果用一种金属氧化物而不是金属硫化物来制造阴极，那么电池将具有更大的电势。经由系统的研究，在1980年，他证明晰嵌入锂离子的氧化钴可以发生高达4伏特的电压。这是一个重要的突破，将带来更强大的电池。

20世纪70年月初，斯坦利·惠廷汉姆（Stanley Whittingham，今年的化学奖得主）开发出第一块可事情的锂电池时，他使用锂的庞大动力释放其外部电子。【6】With Goodenough’s cathode as a basis, Akira Yoshino created the first commercially viable lithium-ion battery in 1985. Rather than using reactive lithium in the anode, he used petroleum coke, a carbon material that, like the cathode’s cobalt oxide, can intercalate lithium ions.以Goodenough的阴极为基础，吉野彰在1985年发现了第一个商业上可行的锂离子电池。他没有在阳极使用活性锂，而是使用石油焦，这是一种碳质料，像阴极的钴氧化物一样，可以插入锂离子。

【7】The result was a lightweight, hardwearing battery that could be charged hundreds of times before its performance deteriorated. The advantage of lithium-ion batteries is that they are not based upon chemical reactions that break down the electrodes, but upon lithium ions flowing back and forth between the anode and cathode.于是，研究者获得了一种重量轻且耐用的电池，在性能衰竭之前可以充电数百次。锂离子电池的优点是，它们不是基于剖析电极的化学反映，而是基于锂离子在正极和负极之间往返流动。【8】Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionised our lives since they first entered the market in 1991. They have laid the foundation of a wireless, fossil fuel-free society, and are of the greatest benefit to humankind.自1991年首次投入市场以来，锂离子电池已经彻底改变了我们的生活。

它们为无线通讯和建设无化石燃料社会奠基了基础，为人类带来了庞大的利益。(声明：文章转载自新浪科技、人民日报、诺贝尔网站；版权归原作者所有，如有侵权，请联系删除，转载请标明出处。)。